Publications

@article{
 title = {The potential benefit of using forest biomass data in addition to carbon and water flux measurements to constrain ecosystem model parameters: Case studies at two temperate forest sites},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {48-65},
 volume = {234-235},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192316307201},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
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 citation_key = {Thum2017},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Thum, T. and MacBean, N. and Peylin, P. and Bacour, C. and Santaren, D. and Longdoz, B. and Loustau, D. and Ciais, P.},
 journal = {Agricultural and Forest Meteorology}
}

@article{
 title = {Environmental control of carbon allocation matters for modelling forest growth},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {allocation,biomass growth,c,carbon,demand,modelling,of within-tree carbon,organ phenology,process-based,sink,the importance of modulations,water stress,we aimed to evaluate},
 pages = {180-193},
 volume = {214},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nph.14320},
 month = {4},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-21T08:28:03.678Z},
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 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
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 notes = {NULL},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Guillemot, Joannès and Francois, Christophe and Hmimina, Gabriel and Dufrêne, Eric and Martin-StPaul, Nicolas K. and Soudani, Kamel and Marie, Guillaume and Ourcival, Jean-Marc and Delpierre, Nicolas},
 journal = {New Phytologist},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Stand age and species richness dampen interannual variation of ecosystem-level photosynthetic capacity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {0048},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-016-0048},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {460d82c9-7410-31d1-8fc9-af30fb7643e8},
 created = {2017-04-03T13:02:03.057Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-04-03T13:02:03.057Z},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Musavi, Talie and Migliavacca, Mirco and Reichstein, Markus and Kattge, Jens and Wirth, Christian and Black, T. Andrew and Janssens, Ivan and Knohl, Alexander and Loustau, Denis and Roupsard, Olivier and Varlagin, Andrej and Rambal, Serge and Cescatti, Alessandro and Gianelle, Damiano and Kondo, Hiroaki and Tamrakar, Rijan and Mahecha, Miguel D.},
 journal = {Nature Ecology & Evolution},
 number = {2}
}

@article{
 title = {Tree phenological ranks repeat from year to year and correlate with growth in temperate deciduous forests},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {BudBudburst,Deciduous trees,Intraspecific competition,Leaf senescence,Tree growth},
 pages = {1-10},
 volume = {234-235},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168192316307274},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {0a57b7d7-01f0-3b44-8d38-df98fb257c9c},
 created = {2017-04-14T14:08:13.031Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-04-14T14:08:13.031Z},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Delpierre, Nicolas and Guillemot, Joannès and Dufrêne, Eric and Cecchini, Sébastien and Nicolas, Manuel},
 journal = {Agricultural and Forest Meteorology},
 number = {December 2016}
}

@article{
 title = {Improved methodology to quantify the temperature sensitivity of the soil heterotrophic respiration in croplands},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Agro-ecosystems,Heterotrophic respiration,Modeling,Q10,Soil CO2 efflux},
 pages = {18-29},
 volume = {296},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016706117302677},
 month = {6},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {1190fd8b-04d2-3636-9635-9a7e036df30a},
 created = {2017-04-28T08:59:20.961Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-04-28T08:59:20.961Z},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Delogu, Emilie and Le Dantec, Valérie and Mordelet, Patrick and Ceschia, Eric and Aubinet, Marc and Buysse, Pauline and Pattey, Elizabeth},
 journal = {Geoderma}
}

@article{
 title = {The response of tropical rainforests to drought—lessons from recent research and future prospects},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Carbon,Climate,Drought,Global change,Growth,Mortality,Soil,Tropical,Water},
 pages = {27-44},
 volume = {73},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13595-015-0522-5},
 id = {259ddf54-0492-30d2-9457-b54eca0c5d10},
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 citation_key = {Bonal2016},
 abstract = {& Key message We review the recent findings on the influ-ence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mech-anisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct com-prehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three con-tinents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. & Context Tropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex. & Aims Herein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems. & Results This review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted un-der extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosys-tems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought. & Conclusion The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these eco-systems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bonal, Damien and Burban, Benoit and Stahl, Clément and Wagner, Fabien and Hérault, Bruno and Leban, Jean-Michel and Gf, Bruno Herault@ecofog},
 journal = {Annals of Forest Science},
 number = {1}
}

& Key message We review the recent findings on the influ-ence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mech-anisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct com-prehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three con-tinents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance. & Context Tropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex. & Aims Herein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems. & Results This review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted un-der extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosys-tems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought. & Conclusion The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these eco-systems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance.

@article{
 title = {Matching the phenology of Net Ecosystem Exchange and vegetation indices estimated with MODIS and FLUXNET in-situ observations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE),Phenology,Plant functional types (PFT's),Start of growing season (SGS),Start of net carbon uptake (SGSNEE),Vegetation indices (VI's)},
 pages = {290-300},
 volume = {174},
 id = {5519cebd-f5e2-3d16-a63d-8d4ac07e375b},
 created = {2016-03-11T14:45:43.000Z},
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 profile_id = {5c1040db-25e3-36ea-a919-0994a44709e7},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:16:18.928Z},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
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 citation_key = {Balzarolo2016},
 abstract = {Shifts in ecosystem phenology play an important role in the definition of inter-annual variability of net ecosystem carbon uptake. A good estimate at the global scale of ecosystem phenology, mainly that of photosynthesis or gross primary productivity (GPP), may be provided by vegetation indices derived from MODIS satellite image data.However, the relationship between the start date of a growing (or greening) season (SGS) when derived from different vegetation indices (VI's), and the starting day of carbon uptake is not well elucidated. Additionally, the validation of existing phenology data with in-situ measurements is largely missing. We have investigated the possibility to use different VI's to predict the starting day of the growing season for 28 FLUXNET sites as well as MODIS data. This analysis included main plant functional types (PFT's).Of all VI's taken into account in this paper, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) shows the highest correlation coefficient for the relationship between the starting day of the growing season as observed with MODIS and in-situ observations. However, MODIS observations elicit a 20-21 days earlier SGS date compared to in-situ observations. The prediction for the NEE start of the growing season diverges when using different VI's, and seems to depend on the amplitude for carbon and VI and on PFT. The optimal VI for estimation of a SGS date was PFT-specific - for example the WRDVI for cropland, but the MODIS NDVI performed best when applied as an estimator for Net Ecosystem Exchange and when considering all PFT's pooled.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Balzarolo, M. and Vicca, S. and Nguy-Robertson, A. L. and Bonal, D. and Elbers, J. A. and Fu, Y. H. and Grünwald, T. and Horemans, J. A. and Papale, D. and Peñuelas, J. and Suyker, A. and Veroustraete, F.},
 journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment}
}

Shifts in ecosystem phenology play an important role in the definition of inter-annual variability of net ecosystem carbon uptake. A good estimate at the global scale of ecosystem phenology, mainly that of photosynthesis or gross primary productivity (GPP), may be provided by vegetation indices derived from MODIS satellite image data.However, the relationship between the start date of a growing (or greening) season (SGS) when derived from different vegetation indices (VI's), and the starting day of carbon uptake is not well elucidated. Additionally, the validation of existing phenology data with in-situ measurements is largely missing. We have investigated the possibility to use different VI's to predict the starting day of the growing season for 28 FLUXNET sites as well as MODIS data. This analysis included main plant functional types (PFT's).Of all VI's taken into account in this paper, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) shows the highest correlation coefficient for the relationship between the starting day of the growing season as observed with MODIS and in-situ observations. However, MODIS observations elicit a 20-21 days earlier SGS date compared to in-situ observations. The prediction for the NEE start of the growing season diverges when using different VI's, and seems to depend on the amplitude for carbon and VI and on PFT. The optimal VI for estimation of a SGS date was PFT-specific - for example the WRDVI for cropland, but the MODIS NDVI performed best when applied as an estimator for Net Ecosystem Exchange and when considering all PFT's pooled.

@article{
 title = {The plumbing of land surface models: is poor performance a result of methodology or data quality?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {JHM-D-15-0171.1},
 websites = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/JHM-D-15-0171.1},
 month = {4},
 day = {13},
 id = {644dbef7-f595-31dc-b19d-896a503124f2},
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 citation_key = {Haughton2016},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Haughton, Ned and Abramowitz, Gab and Pitman, Andy J and Or, Dani and Best, Martin J. and Johnson, Helen R and Balsamo, Gianpaolo and Boone, Aaron and Cuntz, Matthias and Decharme, Bertrand and Dirmeyer, Paul A. and Dong, Jairui and Ek, Michael and Guo, Zichang and Haverd, Vanessa and van den Hurk, Bart J. J. and Nearing, Grey S. and Pak, Bernard and Santanello, Joe A and Stevens, Lauren E and Vuichard, Nicolas},
 journal = {Journal of Hydrometeorology},
 number = {April}
}

@article{
 title = {ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0), a new process based Agro-Land Surface Model: model description and evaluation over Europe},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {4653-4696},
 volume = {8},
 websites = {http://www.geosci-model-dev-discuss.net/8/4653/2015/},
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 citation_key = {Wu2015},
 abstract = {The responses of crop functioning to changing climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) could have large effects on food production, and impact carbon, water and energy fluxes, causing feedbacks to climate. To simulate the responses of temperate crops to changing climate and [CO2], accounting for the specific phenology of crops mediated by management practice, we present here the development of a process-oriented terrestrial biogeochemical model named ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0), which integrates a generic crop phenology and harvest module and a very simple parameterization of nitrogen fertilization, into the land surface model (LSM) ORCHIDEEv196, in order to simulate biophysical and biochemical interactions in croplands, as well as plant productivity and harvested yield. The model is applicable for a range of temperate crops, but it is tested here for maize and winter wheat, with the phenological parameterizations of two European varieties originating from the STICS agronomical model. We evaluate the ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) model against eddy covariance and biometric measurements at 7 winter wheat and maize sites in Europe. The specific ecosystem variables used in the evaluation are CO2 fluxes (NEE), latent heat and sensible heat fluxes. Additional measurements of leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass and yield are used as well. Evaluation results reveal that ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) reproduces the observed timing of crop development stages and the amplitude of pertaining LAI changes in contrast to ORCHIDEEv196 in which by default crops have the same phenology than grass. A near-halving of the root mean square error of LAI from 2.38 ± 0.77 to 1.08 ± 0.34 m2 m−2 is obtained between ORCHIDEEv196 and ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) across the 7 study sites. Improved crop phenology and carbon allocation lead to a general good match between modelled and observed aboveground biomass (with a normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) of 11.0–54.2 %), crop yield, as well as of the daily carbon and energy fluxes with NRMSE of ~9.0–20.1 and ~9.4–22.3 % for NEE, and sensible and latent heat fluxes, respectively. The model data mistfit for energy fluxes are within uncertainties of the measurements, which themselves show an incomplete energy balance closure within the range 80.6–86.3 %. The remaining discrepancies between modelled and observed LAI and other variables at specific sites are partly attributable to unrealistic representation of management events. In addition, ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) is shown to have the ability to capture the spatial gradients of carbon and energy-related variables, such as gross primary productivity, NEE, sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes, across the sites in Europe, an important requirement for future spatially explicit simulations. Further improvement of the model with an explicit parameterization of nutrition dynamics and of management, is expected to improve its predictive ability to simulate croplands in an Earth System Model.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Wu, X. and Vuichard, N. and Ciais, P. and Viovy, N. and de Noblet-Ducoudré, N. and Wang, X. and Magliulo, V. and Wattenbach, M. and Vitale, L. and Di Tommasi, P. and Moors, E. J. and Jans, W. and Elbers, J. and Ceschia, E. and Tallec, T. and Bernhofer, C. and Grünwald, T. and Moureaux, C. and Manise, T. and Ligne, A. and Cellier, P. and Loubet, B. and Larmanou, E. and Ripoche, D.},
 journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
 number = {6}
}

The responses of crop functioning to changing climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) could have large effects on food production, and impact carbon, water and energy fluxes, causing feedbacks to climate. To simulate the responses of temperate crops to changing climate and [CO2], accounting for the specific phenology of crops mediated by management practice, we present here the development of a process-oriented terrestrial biogeochemical model named ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0), which integrates a generic crop phenology and harvest module and a very simple parameterization of nitrogen fertilization, into the land surface model (LSM) ORCHIDEEv196, in order to simulate biophysical and biochemical interactions in croplands, as well as plant productivity and harvested yield. The model is applicable for a range of temperate crops, but it is tested here for maize and winter wheat, with the phenological parameterizations of two European varieties originating from the STICS agronomical model. We evaluate the ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) model against eddy covariance and biometric measurements at 7 winter wheat and maize sites in Europe. The specific ecosystem variables used in the evaluation are CO2 fluxes (NEE), latent heat and sensible heat fluxes. Additional measurements of leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass and yield are used as well. Evaluation results reveal that ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) reproduces the observed timing of crop development stages and the amplitude of pertaining LAI changes in contrast to ORCHIDEEv196 in which by default crops have the same phenology than grass. A near-halving of the root mean square error of LAI from 2.38 ± 0.77 to 1.08 ± 0.34 m2 m−2 is obtained between ORCHIDEEv196 and ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) across the 7 study sites. Improved crop phenology and carbon allocation lead to a general good match between modelled and observed aboveground biomass (with a normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) of 11.0–54.2 %), crop yield, as well as of the daily carbon and energy fluxes with NRMSE of ~9.0–20.1 and ~9.4–22.3 % for NEE, and sensible and latent heat fluxes, respectively. The model data mistfit for energy fluxes are within uncertainties of the measurements, which themselves show an incomplete energy balance closure within the range 80.6–86.3 %. The remaining discrepancies between modelled and observed LAI and other variables at specific sites are partly attributable to unrealistic representation of management events. In addition, ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0) is shown to have the ability to capture the spatial gradients of carbon and energy-related variables, such as gross primary productivity, NEE, sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes, across the sites in Europe, an important requirement for future spatially explicit simulations. Further improvement of the model with an explicit parameterization of nutrition dynamics and of management, is expected to improve its predictive ability to simulate croplands in an Earth System Model.

@article{
 title = {Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {2537-2562},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/bg-2015-619/,http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/2537/2016/},
 month = {4},
 day = {28},
 id = {dc346de2-547d-335e-a0ea-c7f660cb8584},
 created = {2016-07-01T12:01:38.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5c1040db-25e3-36ea-a919-0994a44709e7},
 group_id = {c4af41cc-7e3c-3fd3-9982-bdb923596eee},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:16:18.928Z},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
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 citation_key = {Wagner2016},
 abstract = {The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000 mm yr−1 (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000 mm yr−1.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Wagner, Fabien H. and Hérault, Bruno and Bonal, Damien and Stahl, Clément and Anderson, Liana O. and Baker, Timothy R. and Becker, Gabriel Sebastian and Beeckman, Hans and Boanerges Souza, Danilo and Botosso, Paulo Cesar and Bowman, David M. J. S. and Bräuning, Achim and Brede, Benjamin and Brown, Foster Irving and Camarero, Jesus Julio and Camargo, Plínio Barbosa and Cardoso, Fernanda C. G. and Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim and Castro, Wendeson and Chagas, Rubens Koloski and Chave, Jérome and Chidumayo, Emmanuel N. and Clark, Deborah A and Costa, Flavia Regina Capellotto and Couralet, Camille and da Silva Mauricio, Paulo Henrique and Dalitz, Helmut and de Castro, Vinicius Resende and de Freitas Milani, Jaçanan Eloisa and de Oliveira, Edilson Consuelo and de Souza Arruda, Luciano and Devineau, Jean-Louis and Drew, David M. and Dünisch, Oliver and Durigan, Giselda and Elifuraha, Elisha and Fedele, Marcio and Ferreira Fedele, Ligia and Figueiredo Filho, Afonso and Finger, César Augusto Guimarães and Franco, Augusto César and Freitas Júnior, João Lima and Galvão, Franklin and Gebrekirstos, Aster and Gliniars, Robert and Graça, Paulo Maurício Lima de Alencastro and Griffiths, Anthony D. and Grogan, James and Guan, Kaiyu and Homeier, Jürgen and Kanieski, Maria Raquel and Kho, Lip Khoon and Koenig, Jennifer and Kohler, Sintia Valerio and Krepkowski, Julia and Lemos-Filho, José Pires and Lieberman, Diana and Lieberman, Milton Eugene and Lisi, Claudio Sergio and Longhi Santos, Tomaz and López Ayala, José Luis and Maeda, Eduardo Eijji and Malhi, Yadvinder and Maria, Vivian R. B. and Marques, Marcia C. M. and Marques, Renato and Maza Chamba, Hector and Mbwambo, Lawrence and Melgaço, Karina Liana Lisboa and Mendivelso, Hooz Angela and Murphy, Brett P. and O&apos;Brien, Joseph J. and Oberbauer, Steven F. and Okada, Naoki and Pélissier, Raphaël and Prior, Lynda D. and Roig, Fidel Alejandro and Ross, Michael and Rossatto, Davi Rodrigo and Rossi, Vivien and Rowland, Lucy and Rutishauser, Ervan and Santana, Hellen and Schulze, Mark and Selhorst, Diogo and Silva, Williamar Rodrigues and Silveira, Marcos and Spannl, Susanne and Swaine, Michael D. and Toledo, José Julio and Toledo, Marcos Miranda and Toledo, Marisol and Toma, Takeshi and Tomazello Filho, Mario and Valdez Hernández, Juan Ignacio and Verbesselt, Jan and Vieira, Simone Aparecida and Vincent, Grégoire and Volkmer de Castilho, Carolina and Volland, Franziska and Worbes, Martin and Zanon, Magda Lea Bolzan and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.},
 journal = {Biogeosciences},
 number = {8}
}

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is < 2000 mm yr−1 (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000 mm yr−1.

@article{
 title = {Simulating the net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its components over winter wheat cultivation sites across a large climate gradient in Europe using the ORCHIDEE-STICS generic model},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
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 keywords = {Carbon dioxide fluxes,Croplands,Global terrestrial ecosystem model},
 pages = {1-17},
 volume = {226},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880916302201},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
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 citation_key = {Vuichard2016},
 abstract = {Over the last decade, efforts have been carried on to develop and evaluate versions of global terrestrial ecosystem models (GTEM) in which crop specificities are represented. The goal of this study is to evaluate the ability of the ORCHIDEE-STICS (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms—Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard) GTEM in simulating the observed seasonal variations and annual budgets of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER) fluxes over seven wheat sites spanning a large climate gradient in Europe. Overall, the seasonal variations of GPP are well represented by the model, with 5 sites out of 7 exhibiting a correlation coefficient (R) value higher than 0.9 and a normalized standard deviation (NSTD) between 0.8 and 1.2. In comparison, the model performances for catching the seasonal variations of TER are lower, especially in terms of NSTD. Regarding the annual budgets, mean simulated deviations averaged over all sites do not exceed 10% and 15% of the observed annual mean budget, for GPP and TER, respectively. For NEE, the model capacity at estimating annual budgets is low, its mean deviation corresponding to ∼35% of the observed mean value. This clearly shows that more accurate model estimates of GPP and especially TER are required for estimating NEE annual budgets. In this respect, past land-use and land-management changes are probably the most crucial processes to add, for getting soil carbon disequilibrium and more accurate NEE annual budgets. From a sensitivity analysis of the modelled fluxes to three management practices (plant variety, sowing date and fertilization intensity), we found that the fertilization is the most sensitive practice impacting the model performances of any flux, both in terms of seasonal variations and annual budgets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vuichard, Nicolas and Ciais, Philippe and Viovy, Nicolas and Li, Longhui and Ceschia, Eric and Wattenbach, Martin and Bernhofer, Christian and Emmel, Carmen and Grünwald, Thomas and Jans, Wilma and Loubet, Benjamin and Wu, Xiuchen},
 journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}
}

Over the last decade, efforts have been carried on to develop and evaluate versions of global terrestrial ecosystem models (GTEM) in which crop specificities are represented. The goal of this study is to evaluate the ability of the ORCHIDEE-STICS (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms—Simulateur mulTIdisciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard) GTEM in simulating the observed seasonal variations and annual budgets of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER) fluxes over seven wheat sites spanning a large climate gradient in Europe. Overall, the seasonal variations of GPP are well represented by the model, with 5 sites out of 7 exhibiting a correlation coefficient (R) value higher than 0.9 and a normalized standard deviation (NSTD) between 0.8 and 1.2. In comparison, the model performances for catching the seasonal variations of TER are lower, especially in terms of NSTD. Regarding the annual budgets, mean simulated deviations averaged over all sites do not exceed 10% and 15% of the observed annual mean budget, for GPP and TER, respectively. For NEE, the model capacity at estimating annual budgets is low, its mean deviation corresponding to ∼35% of the observed mean value. This clearly shows that more accurate model estimates of GPP and especially TER are required for estimating NEE annual budgets. In this respect, past land-use and land-management changes are probably the most crucial processes to add, for getting soil carbon disequilibrium and more accurate NEE annual budgets. From a sensitivity analysis of the modelled fluxes to three management practices (plant variety, sowing date and fertilization intensity), we found that the fertilization is the most sensitive practice impacting the model performances of any flux, both in terms of seasonal variations and annual budgets.

@article{
 title = {Global parameterization and validation of a two-leaf light use efficiency model for predicting gross primary production across FLUXNET sites},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {FLUXNET,MODIS,and gross primary productivity,sunlit and shaded leaves,two-leaf light use efficiency model},
 pages = {1045-1072},
 volume = {121},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JG002876},
 month = {4},
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 citation_key = {Zhou2016},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zhou, Yanlian and Wu, Xiaocui and Ju, Weimin and Chen, Jing M. and Wang, Shaoqiang and Wang, Huimin and Yuan, Wenping and Andrew Black, T. and Jassal, Rachhpal and Ibrom, Andreas and Han, Shijie and Yan, Junhua and Margolis, Hank and Roupsard, Olivier and Li, Yingnian and Zhao, Fenghua and Kiely, Gerard and Starr, Gregory and Pavelka, Marian and Montagnani, Leonardo and Wohlfahrt, Georg and D'Odorico, Petra and Cook, David and Arain, M. Altaf and Bonal, Damien and Beringer, Jason and Blanken, Peter D. and Loubet, Benjamin and Leclerc, Monique Y. and Matteucci, Giorgio and Nagy, Zoltan and Olejnik, Janusz and Paw U, Kyaw Tha and Varlagin, Andrej},
 journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Modeling soil evaporation efficiency in a range of soil and atmospheric conditions using a meta-analysis approach},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
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 pages = {3663-3684},
 volume = {52},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015WR018233},
 month = {5},
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 citation_key = {Nippgen2016},
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 author = {Merlin, O. and Stefan, V. G. and Amazirh, A. and Chanzy, A. and Ceschia, E. and Er-Raki, S. and Gentine, P. and Tallec, T. and Ezzahar, J. and Bircher, S. and Beringer, J. and Khabba, S.},
 journal = {Water Resources Research},
 number = {5}
}

@article{
 title = {Recent climate hiatus revealed dual control by temperature and drought on the stem growth of Mediterranean <i>Quercus ilex</i>},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
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 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.13495},
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 citation_key = {Lempereur2016},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lempereur, Morine and Limousin, Jean-Marc and Guibal, Frédéric and Ourcival, Jean-Marc and Rambal, Serge and Ruffault, Julien and Mouillot, Florent},
 journal = {Global Change Biology}
}